At its peak, Black Friday would bring in 30 percent of annual retail sales. In 2011, the average Black Friday shopper would spend $398, compared to only $299
in 2015, said Peters, who studies shopping with Winthrop Professor of Marketing Jane
Thomas. Four themes emerged in 2015 from interviews with shoppers: family versus consumerism,
fun versus stress, online versus in-store shopping and Me versus My Children.
Cara Peters
Jane Thomas
ROCK HILL, SOUTH CAROLINA — Although Black Friday has traditionally been the busiest shopping day of the year, retailers have stretched
out the shopping time through the Thanksgiving weekend but are not necessarily increasing
sales, said two Winthrop University marketing professors.
Online sales are trending up, while in-store sales are trending down by about 1.5
percent annually over the past five years, said Marketing Professor Cara Peters. At
its peak, Black Friday would bring in 30 percent of annual retail sales.
In 2011, the average Black Friday shopper would spend $398, compared to only $299
in 2015, said Peters, who studies shopping with Marketing Professor Jane Thomas.
Four themes emerged in 2015 from interviews with shoppers: family versus consumerism, fun versus
stress, online versus in-store shopping and Me versus My Children.
Some consumers now want the convenience and calming environment of online shopping.
They avoid long lines and heavy crowds and don't experience as much frustration with
items being out of stock. Peters found that many consumers question the excessive
consumerism, and that they are celebrating shopping, not their families. They also
felt guilt that shopping was encroaching on their family time and the family traditions
for retail workers who have to work long hours.
Back in 2010, Peters and Thomas interviewed more than three dozen Black Friday shoppers
to find that consumers enjoyed the "consumption ritual." They enjoyed forming a detailed strategic plan based on newspaper and television
advertisements, getting up early and then the adventure and competition in completing
their missions.
"Sharing the consumption ritual with family and friends was important," Peters said.
"Multiple generations participated in the event."
One woman related that she has gone Black Friday shopping for 18 years with the women
in her husband's family. They used to start at 5 a.m., but now since the stores open
at midnight on Thanksgiving, they start at midnight.
The shoppers revel in the "mad dash" for the best sales and coming home with great bargains.
By 2015, the Winthrop faculty members found through 45 Black Friday shopper interviews
that strategies have changed. November shopping was no longer a one-day event but
had evolved into a five-day, gigantic shopping weekend.
"Black Friday shopping has always been a fun, adventurous event but it is also quite
stressful as social dynamics have changed over time," Peters said.
They also observed that shopping for some involved a tension between buying for themselves
and buying Santa gifts for their children. One woman said she only went shopping because
her teen-age daughter enjoyed it and she wanted to fulfill her child's wishes.
Peters and Thomas have found that the meaning of Black Friday has changed for both retailers and shoppers alike. Retailers are extending the idea
of Black Friday to the whole season in an effort to try and leverage the meaning of
the event into increased profits. But fewer consumers are participating and, of those
who do, they are spending less on the event.
"It's losing its significance for consumers and negatively impacting sales over time,"
Peters said.
For more information, contact Thomas at thomasj@winthrop.edu or Peters at petersc@winthrop.edu.
